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Text Case Types Explained
Different situations call for different text cases. Here is a complete guide to each case type and when to use it:
| Case Type | Example | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| UPPERCASE | THE QUICK BROWN FOX | Headlines, acronyms, emphasis, legal documents |
| lowercase | the quick brown fox | URLs, email addresses, hashtags, casual text |
| Title Case | The Quick Brown Fox | Book titles, article headlines, headings |
| Sentence case | The quick brown fox | Regular writing, body text, descriptions |
| camelCase | theQuickBrownFox | JavaScript variables, Java methods, JSON keys |
| PascalCase | TheQuickBrownFox | Class names, C# methods, React components |
| snake_case | the_quick_brown_fox | Python variables, Ruby, database columns |
| kebab-case | the-quick-brown-fox | URLs, CSS classes, file names |
| tOGGLE cASE | tHE QUICK BROWN FOX | Reversing accidental caps lock |
| aLtErNaTiNg | tHe QuIcK bRoWn FoX | Memes, sarcasm (SpongeBob meme text) |
Title Case Rules: Which Words to Capitalize
Title case follows specific capitalization rules. Here's what to capitalize and what to leave lowercase:
Capitalize:
- First and last word (always)
- Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
- Pronouns (including "It")
- Subordinating conjunctions (Because, Although)
- Words with 4+ letters
Lowercase:
- Articles: a, an, the
- Short conjunctions: and, but, or, nor
- Short prepositions: in, on, at, to, for, of, by
- The word "to" in infinitives
Our title case converter follows AP/Chicago style conventions. Edge cases: hyphenated words capitalize both parts ("Self-Driving Car"), and the word after a colon is always capitalized.
Keyboard Shortcuts for Changing Case
If you need to change text case in other applications, these shortcuts can help:
| Application | Windows | Mac | Cycles Through |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft Word | Shift + F3 | Fn + Shift + F3 | UPPER, lower, Title |
| Google Docs | Format > Text > Capitalization | Same menu | UPPER, lower, Title |
| VS Code | Ctrl+Shift+P > "Transform" | Cmd+Shift+P > "Transform" | UPPER, lower, Title, snake, camel |
| Pages | N/A | Format > Font > Capitalization | UPPER, lower, Title, Small Caps |
For quick, universal case conversion without any software, just paste your text into our tool above. It works on any device with a web browser.
Frequently Asked Questions
A case converter changes the capitalization of text. It can convert to UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, camelCase, snake_case, and other formats without retyping.
Paste your text into the box above and click the "Title Case" button. It capitalizes the first letter of each major word while keeping minor words (a, an, the, in, on) lowercase.
Sentence case capitalizes only the first word and proper nouns. Title case capitalizes the first letter of most words. Sentence case is for regular writing; title case is for headlines and titles.
Select your text and press Shift+F3 (Windows) or Fn+Shift+F3 (Mac) to cycle through uppercase, lowercase, and title case. Or use Format > Change Case in the menu.
camelCase is a naming convention where each word starts with a capital letter except the first: myVariableName. It is standard for JavaScript, Java, and many other programming languages.
snake_case replaces spaces with underscores and uses all lowercase: my_variable_name. It is standard in Python, Ruby, and database column names.